INFRACORP,sProduced Water Treatment Technologies
Produced water—generated during oil and gas extraction—is a challenging blend of formation water, injected fluids, dissolved salts, suspended solids, treatment chemicals, metals, and trace hydrocarbons. Its complex chemistry and high variability create significant operational, environmental, and economic burdens for petroleum producers.
INFRACORP brings advanced, end-to-end capability to transform produced water management. Through technologies such as ClariPro™, BioSep™, BioMEM™ ,HiSep™ , SeaVolt™ electro-oxidation, HyO-RO™ hybrid FO–RO, HCRO™ high-recovery desalination, BrinEX™ brine concentration, and Min™ZLD / ZLDX™ crystallization platforms, INFRACORP delivers robust treatment trains engineered for the harshest upstream, midstream, and downstream conditions.
Treatment Technologies
A range of physical, chemical, and biological processes may be used, often in combination, such as:
Primary treatment: oil-water separation, flotation, filtration.
Secondary treatment: biological oxidation
Tertiary/polishing: membrane filtration (RO/NF), advanced oxidation, ion exchange.
Treatment Drivers and Regulatory Compliance
Treatment objectives vary depending on end-use or discharge criteria. Regulatory frameworks, such as those established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or local water boards, often mandate limits on key parameters, including:
Toxic constituents:
- Ammonia – toxic to aquatic life; requires biological or catalytic treatment.
- Barium, strontium, heavy metals – harmful to plants and animals; removed via precipitation, ion exchange, or membrane processes.
General water quality indicators:
- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) – affects salinity; high levels can inhibit plant growth and degrade soil.
- Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) – influences soil permeability and structure; critical in determining agricultural reuse viability.
Produced Water Characteristics
Produced water—generated during oil and gas extraction—is a challenging blend of formation water, injected fluids, dissolved salts, suspended solids, treatment chemicals, metals, and trace hydrocarbons. Its complex chemistry and high variability create significant operational, environmental, and economic burdens for petroleum producers.
INFRACORP brings advanced, end-to-end capability to transform produced water management. Through technologies such as ClariPro™, BioSep™, BioMEM™ ,HiSep™ , SeaVolt™ electro-oxidation, HyO-RO™ hybrid FO–RO, HCRO™ high-recovery desalination, BrinEX™ brine concentration, and Min™ZLD / ZLDX™ crystallization platforms, INFRACORP delivers robust treatment trains engineered for the harshest upstream, midstream, and downstream conditions.
Produced Water Characteristics
| Parameter | Offshore Disposal | Onshore (Deep Well Disposal) | Onshore (Irrigation/ Surface Water) | Onshore (Recycle as OTSG Feed Water) | Onshore (Recycle as Drum Boiler Feed Water)1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 – 9.0 | 6.0 – 9.0 | 6.0 – 9.0 | 6.0 – 9.0 | 8.8 – 9.6 |
| O&G, mg/l | 15 – 40 | 1 – 10 | <10 | 1 – 10 | 0.2 |
| TSS, mg/l (<5 µm) | – | < 1 | < 30 | < 1 | Nil |
| TH, mg/l CaCO3 | – | – | SAR < 10 | < 1.0 | < 0.3 |
| BOD5, mg/l | – | – | < 30 | – | <0.2 |
| DO, mg/l | – | < 0.01 | 2 | < 0.007 | <0.007 |
| TDS, mg/l | – | – | 500 – 2100 | < 8,000 | 5 – 10 |
| Silica, mg/l | – | – | – | < 50 | 0.2 – 0.4 |
Objective of the produced water treatment technologies
- De-oiling :Removal of free and dispersed oil and grease present in produced water. (API ,CPI , Nano-DAF™)
- Walnut Shell Filter: Walnut shell media filters designed for oily water filtration.
- Soluble organics removal – Removal of dissolved organics.
- Disinfection – Removal of bacteria, microorganisms, algae, etc. (RiteDOS™ ,BioCell-C™ ,BioCell-B™ , Bio-Zone™ , UVDOS™ )
- Suspended solids removal – Removal of suspended particles, sand, turbidity, etc.
- Dissolved gas removal – Removal of light hydrocarbon gases, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.
- Desalination or demineralization – Removal of dissolved salts, sulfates, nitrates, contaminants, scaling agents, etc.
- Softening – Removal of excess water hardness.
- Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) adjustment – Addition of calcium or magnesium ions into the produced water to adjust sodicity levels prior to irrigation.
- Miscellaneous – Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) removal.
Produced Water Treatment Applications &INFRACORP Solutions
| Industry / Sector | Typical Produced Water Characteristics & Use | Required Treatment Technologies | INFRACORP Solutions |
| Upstream Oil & Gas (Onshore / Offshore) | High TDS, oil & grease, emulsions, suspended solids | Oil-water separation, flotation, filtration, membrane polishing, disinfection | ClariPro™, BioSep™, SeaVolt™, HCRO™, DioxPro™, Min™ZLD |
| Refineries & Petrochemical Plants | Emulsified oil, COD/BOD, phenols, surfactants | API separation, MBBR/MBR biological treatment, RO/NF, polishing, ZLD | BioSep™, Clariflo™, SeaVolt™, ThermoRO™, Min™ZLD, RiteDos™ |
| Coal Bed Methane (CBM) & Shale Gas | High salinity, scaling ions, dissolved hydrocarbons | Pre-filtration, softening, NF/RO, crystallization, brine concentration | SeaVolt™, HCRO™, ThermoRO™, Min™ZLD, RiteDos™ |
| Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) | High hardness, silica, organic load | Filtration, softening, membrane separation, ion exchange | ClariPro™, SeaVolt™, RiteDos™, HCRO™, ThermoRO™ |
| Mining & Metallurgical Operations | Oily tailings, metals, high TDS | Clarification, flotation, biological oxidation, RO/NF, crystallization | ClariPro™, BioSep™, SeaVolt™, Min™ZLD, ZeroFluoro™ |
| Oil Sands & Heavy Oil Processing | Bitumen, hydrocarbons, naphthenic acids, silica | Separation, advanced oxidation, biological polishing, thermal concentration | BioSep™, DioxPro™, ThermoRO™, Min™ZLD, SeaVolt™ |
| Produced Water Reuse / Reinjection | Treated for reinjection or industrial reuse | Filtration, polishing, RO/NF, oxidation, scale control | HCRO™, SeaVolt™, RiteDos™, DioxPro™, ThermoRO™ |
| Downstream Wastewater / Brine Management | Mixed refinery and produced water streams | Clarification, MBBR/MBR, RO, crystallization, sludge minimization | BioSep™, ClariPro™, ThermoRO™, SeaVolt™, Min™ZLD |
INFRACORP Technology Role in Produced Water
| Challenge | INFRACORP Solution | Function |
| Oil & Grease Removal | ClariPro™ / Clariflo™ | Enhanced clarification & flotation for oil separation |
| Organics / COD Reduction | BioSep™ | MBBR/MBR hybrid for biological oxidation of dissolved organics |
| High Salinity / TDS | SeaVolt™ / HCRO™ / ThermoRO™ | Advanced RO and electrochemical desalination for brine management |
| Disinfection / Odor Control | DioxPro™ | On-site ClO₂ or mixed oxidant generation for microbial control |
| Scaling / Corrosion | RiteDos™ | Precision chemical dosing and pH control |
| ZLD / Concentrate Management | Min™ZLD / ZeroFluoro™ | Thermal & crystallization systems for near-zero discharge |
INFRACORP integrates biological, electrochemical, and membrane processes to turn challenging produced waters into reusable resources while minimizing disposal volumes and environmental footprint.INFRACORP Produced Water Treatment Philosophy
“From separation to zero discharge — a modular, intelligent, and energy-efficient pathway to water recovery.”
INFRACORP combines advanced biological, electrochemical, and membrane technologies to transform even the most challenging produced waters into reusable, high-value resources. Our integrated approach reduces disposal volumes, lowers operating costs, and minimizes environmental footprint — delivering a resilient, future-ready solution for modern water management