Thermal Evaporator
Advanced Thermal Concentration for High-Salinity and Hard-to-Treat (H2T)Waters
The INFRACORP Evaporator is a high-efficiency thermal evaporation system engineered to recover clean water and minimize brine volumes from saline or industrial wastewater. Designed around INFRACORPu2019s philosophy of Hard-to-TreatTechnology (H2Tu2122), this process enables reliable concentration of RO reject, process effluent, and high-TDS brinesu2014serving as a critical bridge between membrane treatment and Zero LiquidDischarge (ZLD) crystallization.
u00a0evaporator is a core unit operation in thermal water treatment, desalination, and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems u2014 designed to remove water by evaporation, thereby concentrating dissolved solids, salts, or contaminants.
It serves as a front-end or complementary stage to crystallizers, brine concentrators, or distillation systems in both industrial and municipal applications.
Core Operating Principles
- Operates under vacuum to lower boiling temperature (reducing energy demand).
- Heat is transferred through tube bundles or plates using steam, waste heat, or mechanical vapor recompression (MVR).
- Often used in multi-effect or forced-circulation configurations for improved efficiency.
What an Evaporator Does
- Heats liquid feed (such as saline water or wastewater) to its boiling point,
- Evaporates water (forming vapor),
- Condenses the vapor into distillate (clean water), and
- Retains concentrated brine or slurry as residue.
In many systems, the goal is to maximize distillate recovery while minimizing energy use and scaling.
Common Types of Evaporators
|
Type |
Description |
Typical Use |
|
Falling Film Evaporator |
Thin film of liquid flows down heated tubes; high efficiency and gentle operation. |
Low-scaling, heat-sensitive feeds. |
|
Forced Circulation Evaporator (FCE) |
Feed is circulated rapidly through heat exchanger to prevent scaling. |
High-TDS or fouling brines. |
|
Multiple-Effect Evaporator (MEE) |
Uses vapor from one effect as heat for the next, reducing energy use. |
Large-scale ZLD or industrial systems. |
|
Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) |
Compresses vapor to reuse latent heat; highly energy-efficient. |
Power plants, RO brine concentration. |
|
Agitated Thin Film Evaporator (ATFE) |
Rotating blades spread liquid as thin film; ideal for viscous or slurry feeds. |
Concentrated sludges or organics. |
Performance Metrics
|
Parameter |
Typical Range |
|
Feed TDS |
30,000u2013200,000 mg/L |
|
Recovery Rate |
85u201395% |
|
Distillate Quality |
<10 u00b5S/cm |
|
Energy Use |
10u201325 kWh/mu00b3 (depending on type) |
|
Operating Pressure |
0.05u20130.3 bar (vacuum) |
Applications
- Desalination (RO reject minimization)
- Industrial wastewater (power plants, textiles, oil & gas, pharma)
- Chemical and fertilizer industries (acid concentration, product recovery)
- ZLD systems (paired with crystallizers for solids recovery)
Evaporator vs. Brine Concentrator
|
Aspect |
Evaporator |
Brine Concentrator |
|
Purpose |
General water removal / concentration |
Advanced concentration of RO brine to near-saturation |
|
Feed Salinity |
10,000u2013200,000 mg/L |
70,000u2013300,000 mg/L |
|
Recovery |
Moderate to high |
Very high |
|
Output |
Concentrate or slurry |
Near-saturated brine or feed for crystallizer |
Turnkey Services u2013 From Concept to Commissioning
At INFRACORP, we provide end-to-end turnkey solutions for evaporation and crystallization systemsu2014managing every phase of your project with precision and expertise. From initial design and engineering to fabrication, installation, commissioning, and after-sales support, we serve as your reliable project partner at every step.
With a proven track record of successful collaborations with international conglomerates, and a dedicated global project management team, we ensure timely delivery, seamless execution, and fully operational systems upon handover.Whether itu2019s a greenfield installation or system upgrade, our turnkey approach guarantees performance, compliance, and peace of mind.